The Features of Academic Language
Performance Criteria Features
Discourse Level Linguistic Complexity (Quantity and variety of oral and written text)
  • Amount of speech/written text
  • Structure of speech/written text
  • Density of speech/written text
  • Organization and cohesion of ideas
  • Variety of sentence types
Sentence Level Language Forms and Conventions (Types, array, and use of language structures)
  • Types and variety of grammatical structures
  • Conventions, mechanics, and fluency
  • Match of language forms to purpose/perspective
Word/Phrase Level Vocabulary Usage (Specificity of word or phrase choice)
  • General, specific, and technical language
  • Multiple meanings of words and phrases
  • Formulaic and idiomatic expressions
  • Nuances and shades of meaning
  • Collocations